TESTED TACTIC

Pre-emergence herbicides

Stubble management

Tillage type

REFERENCE SYSTEM

DON'T KNOW

HERBICIDE-BASED

UNTREATED

DESCRIPTION OF TESTED TACTIC

In 2018, one treatment remained unsprayed in combination with no soil tillage (CON), and one treatment remained untilled in combination with the corresponding amount of cinmethylin (HERB). In 2019, these two stubble management strategies (CON; HERB) were merged together in combination with the corresponding amount of cinmethylin (No-till + HERB). In 2019, these two stubble management strategies (CON; HERB) were merged together in combination with the corresponding amount of cinmethylin (No-till + HERB). The second factor was the herbicide treatment, including a pre-emergence application of LUXINUM® (495 g a.i. l−1 cinmethylin, BASF SE, Germany) in winter wheat with the full recommended field rate of 0.66 l ha−1 (495 g a.i. ha−1) and a reduced application rate of 0.5 l ha−1 (375 g a.i. ha−1). In 2019, the rate of 0 g a.i. ha−1 cinmethylin was added as a third application rate

Mechanical and chemical weeding methods

Different combinations of soil tillage and glyphosate applications (nr. of sprays and doses)

DESCRIPTION OF REFERENCE SYSTEM

Conventional farming

Weed fallow without weed management